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Viktor Lvovich Korchnoi〔Variously romanized as ''Korchnoy'', ''Kortchnoy'', ''Kortschnoj''〕 (; born 23 March 1931) is a professional chess player, author and until recently the oldest active grandmaster on the tournament circuit. He is widely considered the strongest player to have never become World Chess Champion,〔https://chess24.com/en/read/news/2015-zurich-chess-challenge-about-to-start〕 with the main alternative choice for that distinction being Paul Keres. Born in Leningrad, Soviet Union, Korchnoi defected to the Netherlands in 1976, and has been residing in Switzerland for many years. Korchnoi played three matches against Anatoly Karpov. In 1974, he lost the Candidates final to Karpov, who was declared world champion in 1975 when Bobby Fischer refused to defend his title. He then won two consecutive Candidates cycles to qualify for World Championship matches with Karpov in 1978 and 1981, losing both. Korchnoi was a candidate for the World Championship on ten occasions (1962, 1968, 1971, 1974, 1977, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1988 and 1991). He was also a four-time USSR chess champion, a five-time member of Soviet teams that won the European championship, and a six-time member of Soviet teams that won the Chess Olympiad. In September 2006, he won the World Senior Chess Championship. ==Early life and career== Korchnoi was born on 23 March 1931 in Leningrad, USSR, to a Jewish father and a Catholic mother. He graduated from Leningrad State University with a major in history.〔''Great Chess Upsets'', by Samuel Reshevsky, New York 1976, Arco Publishing, p. 244.〕 He learned to play chess from his father at the age of five. In 1943, he joined the chess club of the Leningrad Pioneer Palace, and was trained by Abram Model, Andrei Batuyev, and Vladimir Zak. In 1947, he won the Junior Championship of the USSR, with 11½/15 at Leningrad, and shared the title in 1948 with 5/7 at Tallinn, Estonia.〔''Karpov–Korchnoi 1978: The Inside Story of the Match'', by Raymond Keene, Batsford 1978, p. 10.〕 In 1951, he earned the Soviet Master title, following his second place in the 1950 Leningrad Championship, with 9/13. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Viktor Korchnoi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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